Discussion and Conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Conversation and Conclusion - Essay Example for â€Å"prefer not to cooperate with the community† (?=6.29). The high mean score of the quantity of the respondents were because of negative observation towards the network just as the prizes related with educating in the network schools. The low inspiration in the school networks causes numerous individuals to stay away to and don’t need to cooperate or partake in any movement which may consolidate them. It might likewise have come about because of the contention which exists between that gathering of instructors and the network being referred to causing the dissimilarity. The same number of individuals might want to recognize themselves with specific parts of the general public, others appears to revolt and don’t need to be related with specific parts of the network subsequently restricting their communication. The comparative circumstance was the equivalent with respondents who â€Å"would lean toward not to collaborate with the network in the future† (?=6.13) things; and, second, progressively unassuming desires for the improvement of network relatedness, as demonstrated by lower mean scores for things, for example, â€Å"could become nearer whenever connected a lot† (?=4.85). ... This gathering of member might be comprised of the educators who originated from that network and can unreservedly collaborate with the network on the off chance that they turned out to be nearer to them. Simultaneously, the scores may speak to those people who have not distinguished themselves with the network and have not understood the advantages. Skill scores present a significantly all the more striking outcome identified with the science teachers’ view of both their own showing execution and the one of the entire schools network. This is shown by the mean an incentive for â€Å"feeling really great at showing science in urban schools† (?=2.09), near â€Å"highly unlikely† reaction, with the critical higher mean (?=5.85) for â€Å"feeling quite great contrasted with other science teachers†. The above mean scores shows that numerous instructors feels really great in training science subjects not at all like the modest number which doesn't feel truly us eful for the educating of the subject simultaneously, self-rule bolster score show less solid inclinations of the study members, with complete score just as the different thing measurements giving off an impression of being commonly near impartial appraisals. An intriguing knowledge with regards to this respect can be given by the watched humble yet exceptionally huge connection between's apparent self-governance backing and negative network related understanding. The low score on the Autonomy support for the chief is because of negative mentality that educators network have on the head/organization. This may be because of various elements identified with network contribution in running of the schools undertakings just as issues identified with great administration and morals. The outcomes from ANOVA and one-example t-tests demonstrated

Case Study of Gillette Company-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Case Study of Gillette Company. Answer: This paper expects to examine the Gillette Company which propelled the primary cutting edge framework in 1998. The Company grasped innovation and it acquainted the five-cutting edge framework with exceed its rivals (Nye, 2016). Notwithstanding, the three-sharp edge framework was the noteworthy component of the Gillette Company. Likewise, the three-edge framework was acquainted with limit the disturbance which was brought about by the three-sharp edge framework when shaving. Consequently, the Gillette has its advantages and disadvantages in the promoting procedures as talked about in this paper. In any case the professionals, The Gillette grasped another innovation to improve the plans in the market. Through the technique of grasping new innovation Gillette would keep up its clients. The Gillette utilized the technique for progress by propelling the five-edge framework to lessen the bothering caused to the clients when utilizing the item (Dhebar, 2016). The promoting plan for the Gillette turned out to be progressively forceful when they propelled the new items. Hence, the Gillette made a high benefit and attempted to exceed its key rivals in the market. Then again, the Gillette has cons in the showcasing methodologies as laid out in this paper. Because of the new innovation, the Company was obliged to retrain the staff for them to comprehend the innovation (Barrow Stowers, 2013). Simultaneously the Gillette limited the devotion for the clients consequently the piece of the pie declined. Likewise, the forceful promoting rollout procedure made the Gillette cause costs in publicizing the items. Likewise, the Gillette got analysis because of the crusades held when advertising the items (Stowell, Stowell,Grogan Grogan, 2017). The starting of the Fusion Razor was a critical disappointment for the Gillette. All in all, the Gillette has utilized great showcasing systems to help in pulling in and keeping up the clients consequently increment their fulfillment. In spite of the showcasing procedures, the Gillette has encountered difficulties. Nonetheless, there are numerous customers who are happy with it References Cart, C., Stowers, D. (2013).U.S. Patent No. D674,547. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Dhebar, A. (2016). Razor-and-Blades evaluating revisited.Business Horizons,59(3), 303-310. Nye, J. V. (2016). What do we truly think about solid products restraining infrastructures? The Coase guess in financial aspects and its pertinence for the wellbeing razor industry. InThe Elgar Companion to Ronald H. Coase(pp. 222-234). Edward Elgar Publishing. Stowell, D. P., Stowell, D. P., Grogan, C. D., Grogan, C. D. (2017). The Best Deal GiIlette Could Get? Procter Gamble's Acquisition of Gillette.Kellogg School of Management Cases, 1-18.

Financial crises and Fair Value Accounting (Historical cost,deprival Essay

Money related emergencies and Fair Value Accounting (Historical cost,deprival worth and substitution cost) - Essay Example hand, the supporters of reasonable worth bookkeeping strategy contended that the job of this technique for valuation was moderate in the monetary emergency and that the utilization of different strategies for bookkeeping couldn't have forestalled the emergency. They distinguished that specific large scale monetary variables like record surpluses, scattering of credits without validity checking, overabundance level of hazard taking by the banks and the sharp fall in the costs of home loan sponsored advantages for be the principle factors driving the money related emergency. The budgetary emergency of 2008 was a profound downturn which affected practically all the countries of the world. Along these lines, the reasons that have caused the emergency have been widely concentrated by the financial experts and researchers. One of the most examined subjects in this regard is whether the utilization of the reasonable worth bookkeeping by the money related establishments has been a main thrus t for the downturn. The money related emergency of 2008 prompted significant discussions among the scientists, academicians, banks just as different members of the monetary markets with respect to the job of Fair Value bookkeeping in driving the disappointment of the budgetary markets in during the money related emergency. The money related emergency of 2008 was portrayed by liquidity and instability issues in the monetary markets and the breakdown or semi breakdown of the major budgetary foundations of Wall Street like Lehman Brothers, Merry Lynch, Royal Bank of Scotland, Citicorp, AIG, Bear Sterns and Dexia (Ryan, 2008, p.14). The non-supporters of Fair Value Accounting contended that the utilization of reasonable worth bookkeeping techniques in the money related revealing of the major monetary organizations was the fundamental quickening agent and enhancer of the high force of the budgetary downturn. As per them, numerous budgetary establishments set apart down the advantage esteems in their monetary reports because of the trickle in the estimation of numerous money related instruments. The set apart down portrayal of the benefit esteems to be determined sheets debilitated the capitalization proportions of

529-plan Help for Low and Middle-income Families

Folks with high incomes aren't the only ones saving for higher education. More than a dozen states offer matching contributions to Section 529 college-saving plans that encourage low- and moderate-income families to save now to pay for future schooling. Those assistance plans are in addition to scholarship programs and unique efforts by private individuals, such as the Harold Alfond College Challenge grant program , to pique the interest of families that consider 529 plans a low priority. Difficult economic times haven't caused states to pull back on these initiatives, despite budget problems that have kept others from joining in, experts say. "It's not due to a lack of desire," says Jacqueline T. Williams, director of the Washington, D.C.-based College Savings Initiative, a joint venture of the New America Foundation and the Center for Social Development. It's especially challenging, she says, to locate available financial resources to fund some of these programs, particularly in the current economy. Since prepaid tuition and savings plans were created in the late 1980s, some states have tried to provide incentives for low- and moderate-income families, according to the College Savings Plans Network, a nonprofit association representing states that administer 529 college savings and prepaid plans. "There is a general recognition that the states do have to do something along these lines to stay on the good side of Congress and the Treasury, as a reason for the states being in charge of the 529 plans," says Joe Hurley, a CPA and founder of Savingforcollege.com. Data from the College Savings Plans Network shows at least a dozen states offer a grant program, which includes matching contributions and/or accounts set up for children at birth as part of 529 plans. Fourteen states, such as Florida, California and Illinois, offer merit and need-based scholarships as part of 529 plans. Hurley says the trend over the past four or five years has been toward more states offering matching contribution programs. Most programs are limited to families that don't reach certain income levels -- typically topped at $40,000 adjusted gross income for singles and $80,000 for married filing jointly. Here are the highlights of programs in 12 states, with the matching amounts, which vary from a modest percentage of the contribution to as much as two times that amount: Arkansas: Matches up to $500 annually of family contributions to the state's GIFT College Investing Plan through the Aspiring Scholars Matching Grant program. Colorado: Matches up to $500 per year for up to five years through the CollegeInvest 529 account. Louisiana: Matches 2 to 14 percent of amounts deposited in the START Saving Program, the state's 529 college savings plan. Also provides a double state tax deduction of up to $4,800 per account annually for residents who open a START account for needy families. Kansas: Matches up to $600 for families through the K.I.D.S. (Kansas Investments in Developing Scholars) matching grant program. Maine: Everyone born after Jan. 1, 2009, receives a one-time $500 grant from the Harold Alfond College Challenge Grant program to open a 529 account with the NextGen College Investing Plan. Residents born before that date receive a one-time $200 grant with a $50 initial contribution. Michigan: Matches up to $200 for first-year contributions to the state's 529 college savings plan. Minnesota: Matches up to $400 per year for contributions (minimum $200) to the Minnesota College Savings Plan. North Dakota: Matches up to $300 for up to three years or $300 one-time, depending on income thresholds, through College SAVE. Oklahoma: Deposited $1,000 into Oklahoma College Savings Plan in 2007 for more than 1,300 randomly selected families with newborns through the SEED for Oklahoma Kids program, a national seven-year study that will look at the effort's impact. Matches up to $250 each year, over four years, for families that contribute to the account. Pennsylvania: Matches contributions dollar for dollar up to $2,000 for families with the Pennsylvania College Savings Program's 529 plan. Rhode Island: Matches up to $500 annually for families through the CollegeBoundfund Matching Grant Program. Utah: Matches up to $400 annually on contributions to Utah Educational Savings Plan. Successes and obstacles Kansas' three-year pilot program, which began in 2006, has awarded $582,239.75 to 1,111 participants. The average contribution was $515 in fiscal year 2007, $516 in fiscal year 2008 and $531.86 in fiscal year 2009. The three-year total participant contributions of $420,475, which is in addition to the amount eligible for the state's match, shows that the program is a powerful incentive to encourage families to save for their children's future, according to Scott M. Gates, General Counsel and director of Learning Quest Education Savings Program in the Kansas State Treasurer's Office. In Minnesota, the state has awarded 7,710 matching grants totaling more than $1.8 million since the plan began in September 2001. The funds in matching-contribution programs typically are held in a separate account and are only dispersed if the beneficiary attends college, Hurley says. Budget constraints aren't the only reasons some states aren't offering incentives for low- and moderate-income families. Some feel they're doing enough by allowing a tax credit from 529 contributions, says Hurley. He adds that a tax credit is similar to a matching contribution for a participant as long as they pay state taxes. "States have done a good job of increasing the tax benefits ï ¿ ½ associated with these plans, but most of the tax benefits have accrued not to lower-income families because they may not pay income taxes due to their income," says Williams from College Savings Initiative. "As a consequence, they would not benefit from a deduction." Hurley says families have to weigh the cost of 529-plan fees with tax benefits to determine whether this route is better than investing in mutual funds. Williams says reducing or eliminating fees and removing a 529 account from consideration when determining need-based aid are other ways states can provide incentives for participating. Making it available for people to sign up for plans through an employer also could make it "more automatic for people to invest." Hurley has proposed the rules be clarified to allow people with 529 accounts to donate them to scholarship organizations providing funds for needy individuals, but says doing so would likely require a decision by the Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service or Congress. Offering a set of low-risk investment options also could make families more willing to step forward and set aside money to fund education in the future, says Williams. Posted September 4, 2009 Folks with high incomes aren't the only ones saving for higher education. More than a dozen states offer matching contributions to Section 529 college-saving plans that encourage low- and moderate-income families to save now to pay for future schooling. Those assistance plans are in addition to scholarship programs and unique efforts by private individuals, such as the Harold Alfond College Challenge grant program , to pique the interest of families that consider 529 plans a low priority. Difficult economic times haven't caused states to pull back on these initiatives, despite budget problems that have kept others from joining in, experts say. "It's not due to a lack of desire," says Jacqueline T. Williams, director of the Washington, D.C.-based College Savings Initiative, a joint venture of the New America Foundation and the Center for Social Development. It's especially challenging, she says, to locate available financial resources to fund some of these programs, particularly in the current economy. Since prepaid tuition and savings plans were created in the late 1980s, some states have tried to provide incentives for low- and moderate-income families, according to the College Savings Plans Network, a nonprofit association representing states that administer 529 college savings and prepaid plans. "There is a general recognition that the states do have to do something along these lines to stay on the good side of Congress and the Treasury, as a reason for the states being in charge of the 529 plans," says Joe Hurley, a CPA and founder of Savingforcollege.com. Data from the College Savings Plans Network shows at least a dozen states offer a grant program, which includes matching contributions and/or accounts set up for children at birth as part of 529 plans. Fourteen states, such as Florida, California and Illinois, offer merit and need-based scholarships as part of 529 plans. Hurley says the trend over the past four or five years has been toward more states offering matching contribution programs. Most programs are limited to families that don't reach certain income levels -- typically topped at $40,000 adjusted gross income for singles and $80,000 for married filing jointly. Here are the highlights of programs in 12 states, with the matching amounts, which vary from a modest percentage of the contribution to as much as two times that amount: Arkansas: Matches up to $500 annually of family contributions to the state's GIFT College Investing Plan through the Aspiring Scholars Matching Grant program. Colorado: Matches up to $500 per year for up to five years through the CollegeInvest 529 account. Louisiana: Matches 2 to 14 percent of amounts deposited in the START Saving Program, the state's 529 college savings plan. Also provides a double state tax deduction of up to $4,800 per account annually for residents who open a START account for needy families. Kansas: Matches up to $600 for families through the K.I.D.S. (Kansas Investments in Developing Scholars) matching grant program. Maine: Everyone born after Jan. 1, 2009, receives a one-time $500 grant from the Harold Alfond College Challenge Grant program to open a 529 account with the NextGen College Investing Plan. Residents born before that date receive a one-time $200 grant with a $50 initial contribution. Michigan: Matches up to $200 for first-year contributions to the state's 529 college savings plan. Minnesota: Matches up to $400 per year for contributions (minimum $200) to the Minnesota College Savings Plan. North Dakota: Matches up to $300 for up to three years or $300 one-time, depending on income thresholds, through College SAVE. Oklahoma: Deposited $1,000 into Oklahoma College Savings Plan in 2007 for more than 1,300 randomly selected families with newborns through the SEED for Oklahoma Kids program, a national seven-year study that will look at the effort's impact. Matches up to $250 each year, over four years, for families that contribute to the account. Pennsylvania: Matches contributions dollar for dollar up to $2,000 for families with the Pennsylvania College Savings Program's 529 plan. Rhode Island: Matches up to $500 annually for families through the CollegeBoundfund Matching Grant Program. Utah: Matches up to $400 annually on contributions to Utah Educational Savings Plan. Successes and obstacles Kansas' three-year pilot program, which began in 2006, has awarded $582,239.75 to 1,111 participants. The average contribution was $515 in fiscal year 2007, $516 in fiscal year 2008 and $531.86 in fiscal year 2009. The three-year total participant contributions of $420,475, which is in addition to the amount eligible for the state's match, shows that the program is a powerful incentive to encourage families to save for their children's future, according to Scott M. Gates, General Counsel and director of Learning Quest Education Savings Program in the Kansas State Treasurer's Office. In Minnesota, the state has awarded 7,710 matching grants totaling more than $1.8 million since the plan began in September 2001. The funds in matching-contribution programs typically are held in a separate account and are only dispersed if the beneficiary attends college, Hurley says. Budget constraints aren't the only reasons some states aren't offering incentives for low- and moderate-income families. Some feel they're doing enough by allowing a tax credit from 529 contributions, says Hurley. He adds that a tax credit is similar to a matching contribution for a participant as long as they pay state taxes. "States have done a good job of increasing the tax benefits ï ¿ ½ associated with these plans, but most of the tax benefits have accrued not to lower-income families because they may not pay income taxes due to their income," says Williams from College Savings Initiative. "As a consequence, they would not benefit from a deduction." Hurley says families have to weigh the cost of 529-plan fees with tax benefits to determine whether this route is better than investing in mutual funds. Williams says reducing or eliminating fees and removing a 529 account from consideration when determining need-based aid are other ways states can provide incentives for participating. Making it available for people to sign up for plans through an employer also could make it "more automatic for people to invest." Hurley has proposed the rules be clarified to allow people with 529 accounts to donate them to scholarship organizations providing funds for needy individuals, but says doing so would likely require a decision by the Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service or Congress. Offering a set of low-risk investment options also could make families more willing to step forward and set aside money to fund education in the future, says Williams. Posted September 4, 2009

Why Are They Illegal Immigrants - 1562 Words

In IMA BE ME, Wanda Sykes said, â€Å" Why are they called illegal immigrants? They re undocumented workers. If someone broke into my house, and vacuumed? You know, I might be a little confused. But I ain’t calling the cops†. This is one of the funniest line from the show and at the same time, it captures audience’s heart. I believe, the United States is trying to change a lot now as a country where have been accepting various immigrants continuously since the foundation of the nation. In 2008, Barack Obama won the presidential election by gaining the popularity support from many minorities, and he became the first black President. He was returned for the second term in 2012, and he was supported not only by black people, but also many immigrants from South America and Asia. In the same year, Obama administration announced Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) to grant a temporary right for over 1 million young undocumented immigrants to stay in the U.S. without the fear of being deported. However, the dispute over acceptance of immigration of the Latinos has still been continued. And now, an immigration problem is regarded as the important problem of political power, and country is trying to tackle immigration law reform. In this paper, I would like to discuss about the trend of immigration issue first, and then look into how undocumented workers identify themselves and build their own self. In order to obtain deeper insight, I will use the real story aboutShow MoreRelatedWhy Illegal Immigrant Is A Slur By Charles Garcia Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Why Illegal Immigrant is a Slur† written by Charles Garcia, CEO of ALPFA.org – Empowering Latino Leaders, was published on CNN.com on July 6th, 2012. It is an article that argues against the political incorrectness and negative social impacts that the terms â€Å"illegal immigrant† and â€Å"illegal alien† have on the Latino communities and individu als. Garcia describes these titles that journalists continually use as â€Å"racially offensive language† (Garcia). However, there are many fallacies that arise inRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1589 Words   |  7 Pages Between the years of 1950-1995, why were so many illegal immigrants crossing the American borders and how did they affect America? Part A: This investigation will be looking into the lifestyles that illegal immigrants had between the years of 1950 and 1995 once they had crossed the US border. I will also be investigating how they affected the US. It is important to know because it will make people become more aware of how serious immigration can be to America. I will be examining the number ofRead MoreEssay about Illegal Immigration in the United States932 Words   |  4 PagesIllegal immigration in the US is and has been an ongoing battle for many years. According to legal-dictionary an illegal immigrant is define as an alien (non-citizen) who has entered the united sates without government permission or stayed beyond the termination date of a visa. There are many problems that occur such as overpopulation, raising crime rates and unemployment. Some Americans have issues with illegal immigration and some do not. Those with the issues are concerned about illegal immigrantsRead MoreEssay on Why should the U.S have bord er patrol?1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿United States Border Patrol: Why should the U.S have border patrol? Illegal immigrants have always been a problem in the United States for some time now. â€Å"In October 2008, the illegal immigrant population stood at 11.9 million according to the Pew Hispanic Center† (Illegal Immigration Facts Statistics†). An efficient border patrol in our country would be a good step in the right direction to stop illegal immigration and the effect it has on our country. Illegal immigrants are at fault for such thingsRead MoreRedefining Illegal Immigrant : An Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesVeronica Hidalgo Professor Jennifer Russum ENG 105- 73060 14 October 2015 Redefining Illegal Immigrant There are many phrases that dehumanize an individual. One of these phrases is illegal immigrant. The phrase has been used by media outlets, politicians, and the public for years in the United States. It diminishes the idea that diversity is substantially vast in our country (Chomsky, 2014). â€Å"Immigrants exhibit a large proportion of ingenious and valuable workmen,† said Founding Father, ThomasRead MoreWhat Is Illegal Immigration Doing to Our Country?1097 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Illegal Immigration Doing to Our Country? Illegal immigration is a controversial topic discussed in our country everyday. An illegal immigrant is anyone who has illegally crossed some kind of border whether it is by land, water, or air. These people are undocumented, unauthorized and unnaturalized people. In America’s case, these immigrants usually come from the south where the neighboring countries such as Cuba and Mexico reside. Some also come from Canada, but it is not too common. ShouldRead MoreIllegal Immigrants1298 Words   |  6 Pages27, 2012 The Benefits of Illegal Immigrants Are illegal immigrants or undocumented immigrants beneficial to America’s economy? Most illegal immigrants have a positive impact on the United States (U.S.) economy. Illegal immigrants have a positive impact on the United States economy because they increase our tax revenue, they add to our social security, and they also increase our employment rates.† In 2000, statistics revealed 8.7 million illegal immigrants resided in the United States†Read MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1624 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is illegal immigration often viewed as a threat to the United States rather than being unscrupulous? With over 11.5 million illegal immigrants in the Unites States, opponents of illegal immigration dispute that concept of granting amnesty to these immigrants. These arguments include that certain jobs will be stolen, and an increase in crime rate would develop. Despite the fact that illegal immigration is controversial, recent studies and socia l trends have shown that granting amnesty to illegalRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration1710 Words   |  7 PagesIllegal Immigration in the US What does illegal immigration mean to a hardworking, middle class worker providing for a family of four? What does illegal immigration mean to someone who is getting jobs taken right underneath them from illegal immigrants that are willing to work the same job for a lower paycheck? Illegal immigration is an epidemic occurring in the United States of America, the land of the free (to the legal citizens). There are many reasons why immigration is harmful and in some casesRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Persuasive Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesIllegal Immigrants Taking Advantage of the United States Should illegal immigrants be allowed to get in for free? Should they be allowed to enter while others spend years following the rules in order to gain their legal entry? In today’s society, the people of the United States are being taken advantage by the illegal immigrants. There are many examples in the news today demonstrating illegal immigrants shouldn’t be allowed to cross the border like the economic deficit, crime or the protection of

How Technology Has Changed Our Lives - 1593 Words

It used to be that humans would win wars with wood, swords, and brute strength. It used to be that humans would hunt for their food. It used to be that only the rich and noble could read and write. Times have changed, the world has changed, humans have changed. Humans have come a long way since the days of sticks and stone. Today, many people utilize technology as a way to live their life. Almost everyone carries around a smartphone and they rely on it. It is believed that smartphones give more control over their lives. The phone can be used call whoever they want, can be used to listen to whatever they want, play whatever type of games, and much more. Modern day smartphones offer a lot of freedom and the ability for an individual to express themselves. Out of convenience, many people store their information on their phones, post personal information on social media apps, and share their locations and pictures with their friends to show off how exciting their life is. Yet, why is it that just as humans believe they are gaining more freedom and mobility, that very freedom is being robbed away? Perhaps the perpetrator is the very thing that disguises itself as a herald of freedom. In his essay, â€Å"iPod†, Michael Bull analyzes the effects of the iPod. Bull mentions how the iPod allows the user to listen to the audio of their choice and only the user can hear it. It is personal and allows privacy, control, and a bubble from reality: â€Å"The iPod puts users in tune with theirShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives910 Words   |  4 PagesIt is amazing how everyone’s life is changing by using technology. Technology by definition means, the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science.(web). 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The first telephone was created in 1876, and as decades passed by, it was replaced by the cellphone, which incorporated the addition of many useful new features. Additional features such as text messaging, a built-in camera, and internet access transformed the people’s perceptions because the add-ons presented more purposeRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Technology in Healthcare â€Å"Without a doubt, technology is amazing and what will we do without it†. These are the exact words of my husband while changing and playing the lights of our swimming pool through his cell phone. It is a fact that technology has changed our lives in many ways and it is constantly changing. A computer is a great illustration of how technology keeps evolving. About two weeks ago, I was looking for a laptop because my desktop is about to give up on me. 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In this story Alone Together by Sherry Turkle, technology is seen to have built a relationship between humans and robots. Turkle goes on explaining how dependent humans are towards technology. Turkle questions the substitution of technology towards humans and how this substitutionRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives900 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology has adapted a lot within our daily lives making it essential to our daily lives! There isn’t a time will technology will end, because there are always ways to adjust old things and keep improving from there, nothing is perfect. Toilets has increased water pressure for a better flush, but before there wasn’t a toilet, toilet paper even! Communication has also changed from verbal to written communication. Vinta ge phones that connects to a wire, transitioned to wireless with an antenna, and

Dereliction of Dutys free essay sample

Any person serving in the Armed Forces of America, is guilty of violating this article if they, through any means that can be prevented, disobey any order given by a superior, as long as that order is not itself illegal. Simply put this means that Any person serving in the armed forces:being active, reserve, in a DEP program, deployed on shore or infintry. Regardless of rank rate or posission can be affected by this artice. Through any means that can be prevented: Meaning that if there was any way the servicemember had any reasonable way to prevent the order from not happaning, and did not, are guily of the article. As long as the order is not illegal in its own:Any order that, if carried out, would result in a disobeyal of any of the other UCMJ articles, is illegal. Any order that the superior does not have the authority to give, is illegal. We will write a custom essay sample on Dereliction of Dutys or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first incedent of article 92 dereliction of duty was 4 March 1945 two United States Army Air Force Luitenets, veared off course in the flight pans, there original orders were to bomb the town of Freiburg Germany. The pilot and his navigator few about 300 kiometers off course to the city of Zurich Switzerland, a neutral country, and the pilot and navigator along with the other five USAAF B-24H bombers droped a twelve in a half ton pay load of high explosives and a tweve ton pay loadofincendiarie bombs. Because of there neglagence of duty and lack of attention to detail the two pilots caused five inecent deaths, in additon to the United States paying 4 Million dollors, in October of 1944. Lieutenant William R. Sincock and one of his navigators, Lieutenant Theodore Q. Balides were sent to cort-martial for there actions and were later aquited and found not guilty for there actions. But if they had payed better attention those peope wouldnt have lost there lives nor would the United states had to have payed monies they did for the distruction of the village and the loss of lives. Other incidents of article 92 are not as sever as the one mentioned above but they are still just as bad and could still have the same negative consaquinces.

Was Edward IVs ruling between 1471

Was Edward IVs ruling between 1471-1483 effective? Essay One of Edwards greatest achievements during his second reign was completing and increasing the financial stability of England. He achieved this by adopting a peaceful Foreign Policy. Realising the cost of war was great, Edward he put holts on all the financial draining battles in France. Then, in 1475 Edward continued to back these peaceful policies by signing the peace treaty of Piquigny with France. Due this the treaty Edward was given the luxury of not having to finance war with France for 7 years. This was not the only luxury presented by the treaty. Within the treaty, France also agreed to pay a i We will write a custom essay on Was Edward IVs ruling between 1471-1483 effective? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 15,000 down payment followed by another i 10,000 a year. This was very important as it strengthened the countrys economy. During this campaign there was only one mistake made by Edward. Edward kept most of the money he received from parliament that originally was meant to be used on the war effort. Parliament was only able to retrieve 25% of this money. Because of this Edward was looked poorly upon by both parliament and citizens. Keeping a peaceful war policy was not the only method used by Edward in order to improved the economy of the kingdom. He also had a large influence in trade and customs. Customs were up were up from $15,000 under the rule of Henry VI to around i 35,000 under the rule of Edward. The success of Edwards policies when improving the economy gives good insight into Edwards ability as a ruler. Edward was a skilful manager of parliament using charm and sensible choice of speakers to ensure that there were no major difficulties within this area. When considering Edwards involvement in the council during his second reign he was not a prolific attendee. He participated in less than 50% of meetings involving the council. The magnates were not as prominent as they had been during previous reigns.

MBA project by Chetan Akhare Essays

MBA project by Chetan Akhare Essays MBA project by Chetan Akhare Essay MBA project by Chetan Akhare Essay Except for the strong will bestowed by almighty to pursue the study with patience and sincerity I would have not been able to complete it. I am grateful to our director Dry Sandy Chording, Proof. D. P. Visionary my mentor Mr.. Saran, Mr.. Vicar Hate for all the support given during data collection which has precisely assisted my accomplishment. I am also thankful to my family and my friends without whom it wouldnt have been possible to complete this research. I sincerely thank all the people who knowingly or unknowingly helped me in the work. Mauritius revenues totaled approximately 73. 3 billion rupees in 2009-2010. Its operating profit as of 2009-2010 is 75 billion rupees while its net profit comes to 6. 8 billion rupees. The company has two manufacturing facilities located at Surgeon ND Amnesia, south of New Delhi, India, which have an annual combined capability to produce over a 12 lash (12, 00,000) passenger car units. The company is planning to invest 17 billion rupees in the Amnesia plant.. Marti is known for its hatchback cars, especially the Marti 800. Other popular hatchback models include the Marti Zen and the Alto. It offers fourteen brands and over one hundred and fifty variants Marti 800, Omni, EEOC, Alto, Alto-SKI, A-star, Wagons, Swift, Ritz and Still, Gypsy, SUB Grand Vital, sedans SEX and Swift Dizzier. Marti Suzuki introduced factory fitted CNN option on 5 models across vehicle segments. These include EEOC, Alto, Still, Wagon R and Sex. Marti Suzuki has employee strength over 7,600 (as at end March 2010). In 2009-10, the company sold a record units including 1,47,575 units which we exported primarily to Europe, the remaining 870,790 sold in India. In the third quarter of 2009-2010, the company sold 258, 026 units. Thus, in March 2010, Marti Suzuki had an India market share of 53. 3 per cent of the Indian passenger car market of 16, 33,752 passenger car units. Marti Suzuki will be investing around RSI. 1,250 core (RSI 12. 5 billion) on capacity expansion of the K-series engines between 2010 and 2012. The expanded annual capacity will be over 7 lash units from the present 5 lash units of K-series engine cars. This will be a progressive investment to be completed by 2012. It has a sales network is 802 centers in 555 towns and cities across India. The customer service support network comprises of 2,740 workshops in over 1 ,335 towns and cities. In 2008, Marti Suzuki India Limited, unveiled a National Road Safety Mission under which it would train 500,000 people in safe driving in 3 years at 61 Marti Driving Schools and 4 Institutes of Driving Training and Research (DIRT) in Delhi, Durance and Fedora. History of Marti In 1981, Marti was launched. The company was started by the Government of India and was initially called Marti Technical Services Private Limited. The first Managing Director of the company was Sandy Gandhi, late-Indian Prime Minister During the period of 1985 to 1996, a few other significant developments took place including Suzuki taking up 50% stake in Marti, leading to a 50-50 Joint venture between Marti and the Government of India and over 60 per cent of its parts being produced in India leading to lower costs of production as the parts didnt have to be imported from abroad. When asked why Suzuki was chosen as the partner of this established corporation, the chairman of Marti, Mr.. R. C Braggart said that the company went to Japan and none of the companies out of Ionians, Mediumistic and Dadaists were ready to bring 40 per cent equity in India. Suzuki was the only company which agreed to bring 26 per cent equity in India and raise it to 40 per cent thereafter. The first car that the company produced was a four-door Marti 800 and the second car that the company produced was a Multi-legality Vehicle called the Omni. Between 1994 and 1996 Marti released the Esteem, the Gypsy, the Omni, the Gypsy King, Zen and Esteem. It also opened a second plant in Amnesia whose capacity at the time of opening was units. In 2000 Marti launched a call center. This was the first time a car company had ever launched a call center in India. In this year, Marti setup a website for its Wagon-R car, introduced a new model of the Zen, got the RITE National Award for its safety initiative, traffic management and environment protection, launched the Baleen and the Wagon R with electric power steering, Joined hands with Summits for providing after-sales service and introduced the Suzuki Alto. The Surgeon plant ad stopped production due to a strike by the employees. Marti introduced its first CNN car in 2001. In the same year Marti invested 550 core rupees in manufacturing cars. In 2002, Marti launched Marti Finance to offer financial services like extended warranty and finance for car insurance. It also hiked its car prices and launched the Versa. This was a good year for Marti in exports as it produced 16,000 cars for an order to Europe. In the next few years Marti got into collaboration with various companies to launch car-selling schemes. They partnered with State Bank of India to launch a chem. where each branch of the bank would sell a Marti car. The company also tied-up with Reliance Industries Limited for lease and fleet management. This was the same year Kumar Mangle Barilla Joined Marti as an independent director. From 2005 2007 Marti became the market leader of Indian cars and in 2006 unveiled the new Wagon-R in Punjab. In 2007, Marti launched the SEX sedan. Mission To provide a wide range of modern, high quality fuel efficient vehicles in order to meet the need of different customers, both in domestic and export markets. To provide maximum value for money to their customers through mutinous improvement of products and services. Marti has a network of 391 sales outlets across 230 cities all over India. The service network covers 1,113 towns and cities, bolstered by 2,142 authorized services out lets. The companys change in strategy and emphasis on developing effective marketing communications was Vision The leader in the India Automobile Industry, Creating Customer Delight and Shareholders Wealth; A pride of India We must be an internationally competitive company in terms of our products and services.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Communication - Essay Example Cultural decisions establish correct or acceptable behavior by determining individuals’ positions with regard to one another and with regard to other aspects of the social and natural environment. Thus the way we seem to â€Å"naturally† feel toward family members, authority figures, or the environment is determined by well-established traditions that arise from cultural decisions regarding the appropriate relationships between people as well as with other living things. For example, while domination of humans over nature is the norm in American and other Western cultures, in other contexts such as some African cultures, the appropriate position of humans with regard to nature is harmony and coexistence (Communication & Cultural Diversity Lecture). The prevalence of cultural decisions in controlling behavior over the long term often leads to a tendency to believe that the culture-specific view is the â€Å"right† view. From within one cultural perspective, the different values and beliefs of another culture or co-culture tend to seem misguided or wrong, leading to ethnocentrism (Communications & Cultural Diversity Lecture). It is easy to think of extreme examples where another culture’s beliefs are clearly abusive or otherwise harmful to society, but ethnocentric attitudes are probably more common and exceptionally dangerous when directed against less severe differences of opinion. Anthropological theories of culture are extremely useful and easily applicable to the mini-societies we call workplaces. By applying anthropological concepts to businesses, a new discipline called Business Culture theory emerges. The valuable insights of Business Culture theory offer an excellent method with which to evaluate potential employers, and by doing so determine to what extent the culture of a business is consistent with our own values. Evaluating the culture of a business requires that we analyze the workplace environment and

Professional Knowledge and Abilities Paper Essay

Professional Knowledge and Abilities Paper - Essay Example Freidson (1986) found that when an individual knows every thing related to his professional field, only then he is able to achieve the desired goals and objectives from his professional field. There are many factors that contribute to success of an individual and professional knowledge holds the top most importance in that companies and organizations hire only those individuals who are well equipped with technical and organizational skills and capabilities accompanied with certified knowledge base. According to Althoff (2005), professional knowledge not only improves an individual’s professional performance but also helps the individual in making a significant progress in his career. It enables him to add to the company’s reputation. The individual becomes confident enough to tackle with all sorts of organizational conflicts and problems. He is able to communicate with the authorities and negotiate with them. This increases his chances of promotion. Professional knowled ge helps both; employees and the organization (Karagiannis & Reimer, 2002). It helps employees in a sense of career success. And any organization’s success also depends upon employees’ professional knowledge and abilities because they help the organization in establishing a set of core competencies that is essential for distinguishing one organization from the other. My Organization While talking about professional knowledge and abilities, let’s now discuss an association related to the field of information technology which really helped me in increasing my professional knowledge and abilities. The association which we are talking about is MSDN, Microsoft Development Network. MSDN is the organization which not only helped me in increasing my professional knowledge and abilities but also helped me in my career progress. MSDN is a set of those online and offline services, which is designed in such a way that it helps the developers in writing various applications using Microsoft products. Microsoft Development Network provides various training sessions to the information technology professionals. It acts as a part of Microsoft whose purpose is to manage the relationships between various developers and the Microsoft. While developing any application related to Microsoft, MSDN is the key player which plays a vital role in establishing and maintaining relationship between the developers of the applications and Microsoft. I obtained a huge amount of professional knowledge through interacting with many highly qualified programming professionals. I attended many training sessions to improve my professional knowledge and to learn how to survive in a particular organizational culture. It is because of this organization that I am now able to deal with all types of application developers effectively. My abilities have really grown significantly regarding my professional field. When I came to the organization, initially I felt a bit distressed because my knowledge regarding Microsoft and its related products was not very huge. I had little experience and I did not feel confident enough working in teams. I thought I would never be comfortable with supervisors. But as the days passed by, I became more and more efficient not only in computer applications but also in dealing with the developers. All credit goes to the professional know

Development in Language Learning Essay Example for Free

Development in Language Learning Essay Language educators in mono-linguistic societies world-wide face a commonly held myth: children are only able to handle one culture and one language at a time. No doubt this is due to the fact that these perceptions are largely formed by adults who have been brought up and conditioned to think in the modes of a one-language, one-culture society. Yet research has shown that children are much more flexible in these areas than most adults would give them credit for. Children world-wide learn two, three and more languages in their early years and while there may be some short-term developmental delay the long-term benefits from learning other languages is considerable. In the great majority of cases parents are the principle teachers of one or two of these languages and as the children’s main caregivers are ideally suited for the job. Parents, the most prestigious people from a child’s perspective, are the most important factor in molding a child in the pre-school years. The purpose of this paper is to take lessons learned from bilingual homes and apply them to second language learning at preschool. The core elements discussed will be the benefits of bilingualism and pre-literacy programs in the preschool years. There is no doubt that early literacy gives a marked advantage to children entering into primary school. It follows that the advantage would be double if literacy was promoted in two languages. What this paper seeks to show is that this can be done by using methods taken from successful bilingual households and mimicking them in second language education for preschoolers. Additionally, by providing early reading and listening activities linking the home and the second language, schools can make use of the one of the most powerful factors in the learning of a second language by preschoolers, parental support. Before these activities are outlined it is essential that we summarize the benefits of pre-reading skills in bilingual households. Discussion and Summary of Research 1. Benefits of Early Reading in Diverse Languages There is no doubt that given the environment and the proper motivational tools young children show an interest in reading and being read to. Parents who incorporate the reading of stories into a preschooler’s daily activities will see the increased chance of literacy at a young age. Theorists for years have been telling us about the benefits of reading to our child. Mackler (1997) claims that the more enjoyable a child’s experience with early reading the greater is the possibility that they will read with frequency in the future. She states that, â€Å"Young childrens self-initiated interactions with print at home are important behavioral indexes of emerging motivations for reading. Shared storybook reading plays an important role in promoting reading motivations; when the socioemotional climate is positive, children are more interested in reading and more likely to view it as enjoyable† (p. 69). Andersson (1977) concludes that â€Å"Parents who read, study, and discuss interesting or important subjects in the presence of their children and who answer their childrens questions create a close relationship with their children, a relationship which older children are quick to adopt with their younger siblings. † It only follows that if reading in one language to a child is profitable to the child’s future education reading in two languages is even more profitable. Andersson (1977) claims that early reading for children and their parents is an experience that brings joy and self-esteem to a child and that this is doubly so for children who have the opportunity to enjoy literature in two languages. In his study on family reading in two languages Andersson (1977) researched the early reading process of three families. He concludes that, â€Å"far from being a double burden, learning to read in two languages is a double joy, leading to a positive self-image. † Meier (2003) adds that children being read to in two different languages tend to learn about the distinctive cultures of the two languages. She claims that â€Å"From these book reading experiences, many children acquire an extensive book-based vocabulary and absorb important cultural lessons about things like gender roles, family relationships, and the nature of friendship† (p. 242). She also claims that these early reading experiences help children adapt to the school environment by teaching them to listen quietly and attentively, raising their hand when they wish to speak and remembering their questions until the end of the story (p. 243). One study done on low-income Spanish speaking immigrants and their children showed that reading done within the family helped considerably in expanding vocabulary of Spanish at home with a group of three-year-old children (Akers, Boyce, Cook, Innocenti, Jump Roggman, 2004, p. 371). Forty-seven mothers and their three year old children were analyzed while they shared reading time. The conclusions were that their children’s attention was expanded and that conversation and interaction within the family were enhanced (Akers, Boyce, Cook, Innocenti, Jump Roggman, 2004, p. 383). The most significant change was that the children’s vocabulary was significantly broadened (p. 384). Yet it is important to emphasize that investigation shows that while literacy can improve upon second language learning, bilingualism does not necessarily improve upon literacy. Bialystok (2002) contends that much of the literature surrounding literacy and bilingualism in fact argues that bilingualism promotes literacy and that this is not necessarily the case. She concludes that the relation between bilingualism and literacy depends to a large extent on certain skills developed by teachers and parents and that in this sense bilingualism at the time literacy begins can result in â€Å"an advantage and sometimes a disadvantage for bilingual children. Bilingualism clearly affects childrens development of literacy, but its effect is neither simple nor unitary† (p. 159). 2. Bilingual Families: What We Can Learn Although there is a great deal of literature on the benefits of learning a second language the deep grained fear in mono-linguistic cultures is that learning two languages at the same time is trying for that child. But some theorists claim that language learning for bilingual children is in fact quite the same for monolingual children (Paneque, 2006, p. 171). What is more important for authors such as Paneque (2006) are other factors such as â€Å"who provides the language input, or when the second language is introduced† (172). She adds that while some children may start the process of becoming bilingual at birth other start in their preschool years but that â€Å"Either way, both methods of becoming bilingual can be effective† (p. 172). Other studies claim that the fear of slow development caused by bilingualism causes children to know neither of the languages well. Mclaughlin (1995) claims that, in fact, it is uncommon that both languages be in balance. He claims that, â€Å"One language typically predominates in use and exposure. When this happens, elements of the other language can quickly be lost. The child can forget vocabulary and even rules of grammar† (p. 4). The author concludes that it is only a question of time before the other language catches up and evens out the results (p. 4). Genesee, Paradis and Cargo (2004) conclude that children are more than capable of learning more than one language, either at the same time or one after the other. While many people focus completely on teaching methodologies authors such as Walqui hold that the psychological side of second language learning is in fact just as important. Stresses and fears brought out in the home and school environment can result in problems for the bilingual child. Walqui claims that, â€Å"While many discussions about learning a second language focus on teaching methodologies, little emphasis is given to the contextual factors—individual, social, and societal—that affect students’ learning. There is no doubt that the success with which bilingual children develop both languages depends largely on two factors: school support and home support. While at home a child may speak one language at school they may speak another. In order for them to become proficient in the home language they must have the support of their family. Walqui (2000) claims that support from family is essential to second language learning. She states that â€Å"Some educators believe that parents of English language learners should speak only English in the home. However, far more important than speaking English is that parents value both the native language and English, [and] communicate with their children in whichever language is most comfortable. † There are a couple of important conclusions to make on the research done up until this time. The first is that the literature has shown us that the natural process of becoming bilingual can lead to inequalities in the learning of one language or the other at certain times. The second conclusion is that given the right support by the family and education institutions children can learn both languages to the satisfaction of both. The third is that communication through conversation and shared reading can greatly enhance a child’s vocabulary in either language. What we can take from these three points of bilingualism in preschoolers is that if the same circumstances of sharing and reading with bilingual children are applied to children learning a second language out of the home the possibilities of success would be enhanced. Application of Research Activities That Use the School and the Home to Promote a Second Language Playschool support, home support and shared reading are the three elements of the program this work will propose to use to develop the second language abilities of preschoolers at an age in which they may learn the basics of literacy in their second language at the same time they do so with their first language. Although there is debate on the language learning window and when it closes Paneque (2006) concludes that early childhood does seem to be the optimal time for language learning. She claims that it is â€Å"when the childs mind is still open and flexible, and not cluttered with all sorts of other learning, not to mention the societys views on which languages are prestige languages, and which ones are regarded by the society as of little or no importance† (p. 171). Before we go into the particulars of the proposed program first we should mention that it works around the presumption that the first priority to the family of a second language learner is to push their maternal language and excellence in that language. Indeed, Fortune (2003) states of English speaking students in immersion programs that parents must provided an atmosphere which will enhance their development of the English language. She claims that principally they should read and play games with them that will develop their literacy and vocabulary in English. She concludes that â€Å"Research shows that the stronger the development of the native language, the greater the proficiency in the immersion language, so children who enter an immersion program with a strong base in English will succeed more easily than those whose English skills are not as strong. † What is proposed here is that parents simply use one of the tools of promoting that language, pre-reading skills, to incite their preschoolers to open their mind to another language. So how can pre-reading be incorporated into a family that may not even understand the basics of the language being learned by the preschooler? This can be done by organizing a pre-reading program which connects the home and the preschool. Throughout the year teachers will choose a variety of simple word books that incorporate vocabulary the children have already learned in class. The teacher will read the story to the children and attempt to encourage their participation on discussing its characters, ideas and plot. Over the course of time they will do various activities that will work with the stories vocabulary and plot. These types of activity will obviously be dependent on the age group the teachers are working with. When the teacher is finished working with the story they will send the project on to its second stage – home discussion. The story will go home with the preschooler where it will be incorporated into family reading but it will not be the parents reading the story but rather the preschooler. The preschooler will be required to re-tell the story or act out the story as they remember it but by translating it into the families language. The family will be encouraged by the school to ask the child to instruct them on new vocabulary in the outside language. It is through activities like this that parents can help to support the second language by showing pride and accomplishment in what their child has learned up until that moment. Preschoolers in particular will be pleased that they have the opportunity to teach their family. Bilingual books may be used to further help the parents with the activity. Meier (2003) also provides an outline for choosing and presenting the chosen books that would help preschool and kindergarten teachers gain more interest from their students. She recommends that first and foremost a teacher choose a book that â€Å"relates to children’s lives† (p. 248). Secondly she recommends that teachers ask â€Å"creative and open ended questions† to stimulate interest in the story (p. 248). Lastly Meier believes that if a teacher makes a book come a live by using props it will garner a far greater interest in the story (p. 248). Summary It is through pre-reading programs like this that playschool teachers teaching a second language might harness the most powerful factor in a young child’s life, parental support, without disrupting the important mode of communication that is the maternal language. It is undeniable that both the reading and the acquisition of languages are of great educational importance. By combining the two and providing the right support at preschool and at home teachers and parents may be creating an atmosphere where these young children can take advantage of the flexibility their young minds allow them in language learning. References Akers, J. F. , Boyce, L. K. , Cook, G. A, Innocenti, M. S. , Jump, J. F. Roggman, L. A. (2004). Sharing Books and Learning Language: What do Latina Mothers and Their Young Children Do? Early Education and Development, 15 (4), 371-386. Andersson, T. (1977). A Guide to Family Reading in Two Languages The University of Texas at Austin Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center, California State University, Los Angeles, http://www. ncela. gwu. edu/pubs/classics/preschool/iii. htm Bialystok, E. (2002). Acquisition of Literacy in Bilingual Children: A Framework for Research Language Learning, 52 (1), 159–199.

Depression: Causes or Effects? Essay examples -- Biology Essays Resear

Depression: Causes or Effects? Depression supplies a distinct depiction of the brain equals behavior theory. The physiological characteristics that taint the diseased brain directly impact the thoughts and behaviors of the millions of sufferers. The genesis of this dehabilitating problem is both mysterious and complicated and I am not offering any sort of revelation in stating that it is a multi-factorial manifestation involving both biological and environmental components. The end product of these variable factors do, however, provide some common biochemical alterations in the brain that lend insight into understanding the reality and possible treatment of the disease. So, in the spirit of "working backwards," I will explore this end product. Perhaps the most popularized end-product of depression is the monoamine depletion or disturbance that is commonly detected in depressed persons. Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine have been identified as the main culprits, serotonin and norepinephrine being the most suspect. "Among the findings linking impoverished synaptic norepinephrine levels to depression is the discovery in may studies that indirect markers of norepinephrine levels in the brain-levels of its metabolites, or by-products, in more accessible material (urine and cerebrospinal fluid)-are often low in depressed individuals. In addition, postmortem studies have revealed increased densities of certain norepinephrine receptors in the cortex of depressed suicide victims" (indicating compensatory up-regulation) (1). It is not surprising that deficits in serotonin circuits are also seen in depressed patients, as these depletions may interact with and indeed be responsible for falls in norepinephrine levels (a phen... ...havior equals the brain. A simple point, granted, but it does explain why behaviors (perhaps instigated by stressful environmental "input") have the potential to physically change the brain. Likewise, as stated before, if the cause of depression is sometimes just an inherently sick brain, then it is understandable why some people have intense episodes of depression with no apparent environmental trigger. And if you cannot have a brain without behavior and you cannot have behavior without a brain, it would make sense that the two must interact, both serving as causes and effects working to perpetuate the vicious cycle of depression. Internet Sources: 1)Scientific American Article, 2)http://mymindfield.com/common_predispositions.html 3)http://www.eurekalert.org/releases/uwashpsp111299.html 4)http://www.psychological.com/psychological_disorders.html

The Battle of Tours, the Battle of Syllaeum and the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople

The Battle of Tours, the Battle of Syllaeum and the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople were important battles that averted the entry of Islam into Europe. Had these hostilities been lost to the Arabs, the present idea of European civilization would not exist. Islam and Islamic culture would be the dominant religion and way of life in Europe (both Eastern and Western Europe) and America. The Battle of Tours (also known as the Battle of Poitiers) is considered as one of the most decisive battles in history.On October 10, 732, the Frankish army under Charles Martel defeated the forces of Spanish governor Abd-er Rahman outside the city of Tours (Koeller, n. pag. ). The Battle of Tours was said to have retained Christian predominance over Western Europe by preventing the expansion of Islam in the said region (Culp, n. pag. ). By the 7th century, Islam was the most dominant religion in the Arabian Peninsula. During this period, Islamic armies had already conquered Persia, Syria, Egypt and North Africa and were about to occupy Constantinople and Spain.At the beginning of the 8th century, they had scaled the Pyrenees Mountains and were on the verge of entering France (Whittington, n. pag. ). The Septimania region of Southern France fell to the Moors in 719. Under the leadership of Al-Samh ibn Malik, they invaded the town of Toulouse in the Duchy of Aquitaine two years later. However, Al-Samh was defeated by Duke Odo of Aquitaine and eventually died of war injuries at Narbonne (Whittington, n. pag. ). Al-Samh's loss and demise did not stop Arab raids in France.Islamic forces reached the town of Atun in Burgundy in 725, forcing Duke Odo to align himself with Catalonian Emir Uthman ibn Naissa to maintain peace in the southern border of Aquitaine. But Uthman staged an unsucessful revolt against Al-Andalus governor Abd er Rahman, prompting the latter to go after Duke Odo in retalliation (Whittington, n. pag. ). Abd-er Rahman defeated Duke Odo at the Battle of Bordeaux, res ulting in the mass killing of Christians in the area. Desperate, Duke Odo sought the help of Austrasian Mayor-of-the-Palace Charles Martel. Martel agreed to help him, provided that he will bow down to Frankish rule (Whittington, n.pag. ). Martel and his army waited for Rahman's forces to arrive at Tours (Whittington, n. pag. ). Despite being composed of only 30,000 men, the Franks were well-armed – they had swords, axes, javelins and a small throwing ax called the fran-cisca (Wallechinsky & Wallace, n. pag. ). In addition, they knew the terrain very well and were properly outfitted for the bitterly cold weather. On the other hand, Rahman's 80,000-strong army were equipped with just light cavalry – spears and swords (Whittington, n. pag. ). The two forces only had minor encounters for seven days (Whittington, n. pag. ).Then, on October 10, 732, the Arabs assaulted the Franks. Due to their superior artillery, the Franks easily fended off the Arabs' charge. The Arabs trie d to attack repeatedly, to no avail (Wallechinsky & Wallace, n. pag. ). The Franks struck back as soon as the Arabs' stamina waned. They triumphantly defeated the Arabs and had Rahman captured and killed. The next morning, the Franks discovered that the Arabs had fled, leaving behind their plunder and their dead (Wallechinsky & Wallace, n. pag. ). Martel's victory in the Battle of Tours gained him the title â€Å"The Hammer. † In addition, France never experienced another Arab invasion.On the side of the Arabs, their defeat in the Battle of Tours severely destroyed their unity – a revolt by the Berbers (inhabitants of North Africa) ensued after Rahman's passing (Wallechinsky & Wallace, n. pag. ). Martel went on to crush Arab conquests at the River Berre and Narbonne. He also fought in Frankish expansion wars in Bavaria, Aquitaine, Provence and Alemannia. Martel's sons Carloman, Pippin the Younger and Grifo took over his territories after his death in 741. Pippin became the king of the Franks, while his son, Charlemagne, became the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.However, it must be noted that two more generations passed before the Franks finally suceeded in driving the Muslims back beyond the Pyrenees for good (Whittington, n. pag. ). Historians often claimed that Europe never faced another Islamic threat after the Battle of Tours (Whittington, n. pag. ). This is true to a certain extent – the next Islamic threat that Europe faced after the Battle of Tours was the emergence of the Ottoman Empire (1299-1923). Furthermore, the Christians regained Spain from the Moors after the fall of Granada in 1492 (Whittington, n.pag. ). But the Byzantine empire (667 BC-1453) was also crucial for the presevation of Christian ascendancy throughout Europe. The Battle of Syllaeum (677) and the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople (717-718) were two important wars that averted the spread of Islam in Eastern Europe (Reference, n. pag. ). The Arab fleet a nd the Byzantine navy were constantly in battle with each other since 672 (Reference, n. pag. ). In 677, the Arabs attacked areas along the coast of Anatolia and the Sea of Marmara, as well as Constantinople and Anatolia itself.The Byzantine army found themselves fighting two different battles, as the Slavs were staging an assault of Thessalonica by land (Reference, n. pag. ). Byzantine forces under Emperor Constantine IV met the Arabs near Syllaeum (Reference, n. pag. ). They defeated the latter through Greek fire, a â€Å"burning-liquid weapon†¦that could continue burning even on water† (Reference, n. pag. ). As the Arabs were retreating, a storm sank almost all of their remaining ships. The Byzantine army then proceeded to conduct a land assault on the Arabs, finally defeating them in Syria.The Battle of Syllaeum was believed to have brought peace over Eastern Europe for almost 30 years (Reference, n. pag. ). But Constantine IV’s death in 685 was followed with power struggles for the Byzantine throne, making the Byzantine Empire more prone to defeat in the hands of the Arabs (Gregory, n. pag. ). Caliph Sulieman took advantage of this situation by sending 120,000 Muslim troops (headed by his brother Moslemah) in 717 in an attempt to occupy Constantinople for a second time (TheLatinLibrary, n. pag. ). An additional 100,000 Muslims with 1,800 galleys from Syria and Egypt served as reinforcements (TheLatinLibrary, n.pag. ). But Byzantine forces led by Emperor Leo III quickly defeated them through the Greek fire (TheLatinLibrary, n. pag. ). The vanquished Muslims later died of freezing and starvation outside Constantinople. Muslim troops from Adrianopolis that were supposed to assist them were destroyed by the Bulgarian army (a Byzantine ally) (TheLatinLibrary, n. pag. ). Several historians argued that had the Arabs won the Battle of Tours, the Battle of Syllaeum and the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople, the present concept of European civi lization would be altered dramatically.The Arabs would be able to spread Islam throughout European countries such as France, Germany, Russia and the United Kingdom. At most, Christianity would end up being a minority religion (Whittington, n. pag. ). America would have been discovered by a Muslim explorer and Islam would be the religion both taught and practiced by the settlers across the United States. Works Cited Culp, Reid. â€Å"The Battle of Tours. † 2008. CCDS. 28 April 2008 . Gregory, Timothy E.â€Å"Leo III and the Beginnings of Iconoclasm. † 19 November 2001. A Chronology of Early Byzantine History. 3 May 2008 . Koeller, David W. â€Å"The Battle of Tours: 732. † 1999. WebChron. 28 April 2008 . Wallechinsky, David, and Irving Wallace. â€Å"About the Battle of Tours in 732 between the Arab Army and the French Army led by Charles. † 1981. Trivia-Library. 28 April 2008 . Whittington, Mark.â€Å"Day of Decision: The Battle of Tours. † 8 Decem ber 2005. Associated Content. 28 April 2008 . â€Å"Battle of Syllaeum. † 17 December 2007. Reference. com. 3 May 2008 . â€Å"Greek Fire. † 10 March 2008. Reference. com. 3 May 2008 . â€Å"Islam and Europe Timeline (355-1291 AD). † n. d. TheLatinLibrary. 3 May 2008 .

No Child Left Behind Act as an Effect on Students with...

Since the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in 2001, there has been debate and discussion about how the law will impact students with disabilities. There has been confusion and misinformation about NCLB requirements for children with disabilities. Myths have developed. The National Association of Protection Advocacy (NAPAS) has attempted to dispel these â€Å"myths† and misperceptions and to establish the â€Å"realities† (Smith, 2004). Inclusion consists of placing disabled or â€Å"learning-impaired† students in general education classrooms and integrating their learning experience with students in the general education classes (Turnbull, Turnbull, Shank, Smith, 2004). Inclusion is made up of four main components: 1) all students receive their education in their home school; 2) placement is based on the concept of natural proportions; 3) there is learning/teaching restructuring so that supports are created for special education in the general education setting; and, 4) placements are grade- and age- appropriate. There is a further distinction between inclusion, where students spend two-thirds or more of their time in a general education classroom, and full inclusion, where students with disabilities spend all their time in a general classroom. Mainstreaming consists in the practice of educating students with special needs in regular, general classrooms during specific time periods based on their skills. What are the pros and cons of inclusion? 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However, not every child was receiving the same education opportunities based on money issues surroun ding them and the minority they were classified as, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was to ensure that these issues would be dissolve. On January 8th of 2002, six months and one war later after George W. Bush first proposed the No Child Left Behind bill, it was